Occupational safety ĭust produced by cutting marble could cause lung disease but more research needs to be carried out on whether dust filters and other safety products reduce this risk. The largest importer of marble in 2018 was China with a 64% market share, followed by India with 11% and Italy with 5%. In 2018 Turkey was the world leader in marble export, with 42% share in global marble trade, followed by Italy with 18% and Greece with 10%. Italy and China were the world leaders, each representing 16% of world production, while Spain and India produced 9% and 8%, respectively. In 1998, marble production was dominated by 4 countries that accounted for almost half of world production of marble and decorative stone. The largest dimension marble application is tile. The DSAN World Demand for (finished) Marble Index has shown a growth of 12% annually for the 2000–2006 period, compared to 10.5% annually for the 2000–2005 period. dimension marble demand is about 1.3 million tons. For comparison, 2005 crushed marble production was 7.76 million tons valued at $58.7 million, of which 4.8 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. Crushed marble production (for aggregate and industrial uses) in 2006 was 11.8 million tons valued at $116 million, of which 6.5 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. domestic marble production in 2006 was 46,400 tons valued at about $18.1 million, compared to 72,300 tons valued at $18.9 million in 2005. For example, Tennessee marble is really a dense granular fossiliferous gray to pink to maroon Ordovician limestone, that geologists call the Holston Formation.Īshgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan, was recorded in the 2013 Guinness Book of Records as having the world's highest concentration of white marble buildings. More generally in construction, specifically the dimension stone trade, the term marble is used for any crystalline calcitic rock (and some non-calcitic rocks) useful as building stone. Construction Ĭonstruction marble is a stone which is composed of calcite, dolomite or serpentine that is capable of taking a polish. Also, the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate 12.7 to 38 millimeters into the stone before being scattered out, resulting in the characteristic waxy look which brings a lifelike luster to marble sculptures of any kind, which is why many sculptors preferred and still prefer marble for sculpting.
This preference has to do with its softness, which made it easier to carve, relative isotropy and homogeneity, and a relative resistance to shattering. White marble has been prized for its use in sculptures since classical times.
Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial) made from Georgia Marble in 1920 Sculpture Poiana Ruscă Mountains, Caraș-Severin County Turkey is the largest marble exporter in the world.Įxamples of historically notable marble varieties and locations: The Library of Celsus in Ephesus, Turkey. These various impurities have been mobilized and recrystallized by the intense pressure and heat of the metamorphism. Green coloration is often due to serpentine resulting from originally magnesium-rich limestone or dolomite with silica impurities. The characteristic swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert which were originally present as grains or layers in the limestone. Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure ( silicate-poor) limestone or dolomite protolith. Primary sedimentary textures and structures of the original carbonate rock ( protolith) have typically been modified or destroyed. The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of carbonate crystals. Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains. Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, most commonly limestone or dolomite rock. This stem is also the ancestor of the English word "marmoreal," meaning "marble-like." While the English term "marble" resembles the French marbre, most other European languages (with words like "marmoreal") more closely resemble the original Ancient Greek. Folded and weathered marble at General Carrera Lake, Chile
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